Pattern of breast diseases at bahawal victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

This study was carried out to know the frequency and magnitude of different breast diseases including all the benign, malignant and inflammatory lesions in the local population of Bahawalpur in south Punjab, Pakistan. Descriptive cross-sectional study design. This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College/Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan from January 2004 to December 2006. A retrospective data analysis of breast biopsies and mastectomies based upon histopathology. Histopathological analysis revealed that out 166 cases, 50% were benign, 37.34 % were malignant and12.65 % were inflammatory lesions; mean age of diagnosis was 33.2, 49 and 31.75 years for these lesions respectively. Of all the breast lesions, fibroadenoma was the most common 39.15 % [65 patients], followed by invasive ductal carcinoma 33.73 % [56 patients]. Non proliferative breast changes [fibrocystic changes 4.81 % and adenosis 3.01%] ranked third with 13 patients, while chronic mastitis and breast abscess were the fourth [5.42 %] and fifth [3.61%] common diagnoses respectively. Mean age of diagnosis for fibroadenoma and invasive ductal carcinoma was 21 and 48 years respectively. Fibroadenoma was the most common histopathological diagnosis while invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common malignancy of breast as well as the second most common diagnosis. Mean age of diagnosis for breast carcinoma was 49 years

Two unusual tumours in a patient of xeroderma pigmentosum: angiosarcoma and basosquamous carcinoma

Xeroderma pigmentosum [XP] is a rare form of genodermatosis, characterized by cutaneous pigmentary changes, sensitivity to light and development of multiple cutaneous and internal malignancies at an early age as a result of nucleotide excision repair defect after ultraviolet light exposure. Cutaneous angiosarcomas are angry neoplasms that are rarely associated with XP. In this communication, we report the case of a 22-year-old male patient with XP who developed an angiosarcoma of the face and a basosquamous carcinoma at one time. It is probably the first such case reported from Pakistan

Malignant and benign lesions of female genital tract - an experience at a tertiary care hospital in Bahawalpur - Pakistan

Frequencies and incidence rates of site - specific cancer and other pathological lesions are reported regularly in different studies, but mostly not by the histological type within site. This study reviews 3 years data of female genital tract tumours from 2008 - 2011, at Quaid-e- Azam Medical College / Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Data of the surgical specimens of uterus, ovary, vulva, vagina and cervix submitted to the Department of Pathology was reviewed and analysed for the type of specimen, tissue of origin, different diagnosed histological types and finally the behaviour of tumour i.e. benign or malignant. A total of 1373 surgical specimens of female genital tract were submitted in 3 years, out of which 101 [7.4%] were malignant. Twenty nine percent and 28% of the neoplasms were from cervix and vagina respectively followed by vulva [17%], and then ovary and uterus [12% each]. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common invasive malignancy of the cervix [86%], vulva [77%], and vagina [71%]. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent malignancy in the uterus [53%] and ovary [61%]. The 73% of the burden of benign disease was contributed by uterine lesions, 3/4th of them being leiomyoma and endometrial hyperplasia. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent malignant tumour of the cervix, vagina and vulva. Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy in ovary and uterine corpus. Epidemiologic studies may provide more definite information by considering the effect of these subtypes in examining risk factors

Reports of gastrointestinal cancers at Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur - Pakistan

Gastrointestinal [GI] cancers are amongst the common tumours showing a rise in incidence globally. This study aims to establish the pattern of gastrointestinal malignancies in southern Punjab - Pakistan. This is a retrospective tumour record data analysis based upon histopathology. It was carried out from January 2004 to December 2006 at the Department of Pathology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College / Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur - Pakistan. Data of all the biopsy proven malignancies of gastrointestinal tract was retrieved from individual case files from the record of Pathology Department. The epidemiological data was reviewed and analysed for the site of involvement, age, sex and the histological types of cancers. During 3 years of study a total of 151 patients were diagnosed having gastrointestinal [GI] tract malignancies. One hundred two males and 49 females were affected [M: F ratio 2.1:1]. Majority of the cancer stricken patients in our population were relatively young, falling in the age range of 45 - 65 years. Colorectal carcinomas were most frequent [35%], followed by oesophagus [13.9%], liver and bile ducts [11.9%], stomach [11.2%], gall bladder [5.2%], tongue [4.6%], pancreas [3.9%], small intestine [3.3%], and lip [2.6%] malignancies. One case of malignant tumour of the appendix in a male was also found. Colorectal cancer is the commonest GI tumour reported in south Punjab - Pakistan. Cases less than 25 years of age were more frequent and peak incidence was in a younger age group in our population when compared to different Western studies. Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma were the most frequent histological subtypes in colon and rectum, oesophagus and liver respectively

Stable angina; the frequency of coronary artery stenosis among patients having left bundle branch block

To see the frequency of coronary artery stenosis in the patients of stable angina having left bundle branch block, and to see the effects of gender and age on this correlation. Experimental case series. Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. June 2006 to May 2008. One hundred and forty one [141] patients of Stable Angina presenting with atypical chest pain, both male and female of 30-70 years age, positive for LBBB and with normal Cardio-Thoracic Ratio, normal echocardiography and negative for conventional risk factors and family history of Coronary Artery Disease were taken. All patients were angiographied. A total of 141 patients were investigated through coronary angiogram to see the frequency of coronary artery stenosis in these patients. Ninety five [67.4%] patients proved to have coronary artery stenosis. The male patients showed higher frequency [87.4%] of harboring coronary vessel blockade as compared to that [35.2%] in females [P value <0.0005]. There was no relation between age and the frequency of coronary stenosis [P value > 0.05]. There is significant difference [P value < 0.0005] in coronary artery stenosis among men and women having LBBB

Efficacy of combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin versus atorvastatin in reducing low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in male patients of hypercholesterolemia, at Bahawalpur

To see the efficacy of reducing Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] with the combination of Ezetimibe/Simvastatin compared with Atorvastatin monotherapy in the local patients of hypercholesterolemia. This was a single-blind, randomized, uncontrolled, study [6 weeks of active treatment with Step 1 dietary advice and a 3 week wash out period]. Patients with hypercholesterolemia were randomized by an equal allocation to 2 treatment groups: Ezetimibe/Simvastatin [10/10 mg] and Atorvastatin [20mg]. Two hundred and nineteen [219] men came for follow up after 6 week treatment when their lipid levels were compared to those at the start of treatment to calculate the efficacy measures; the percent change from baseline to the end of the 6-week treatment period in LDL-C levels and the percentage of patients who achieved the treatment goals for LDL-C levels after 6 weeks of treatment. LDL-C concentrations [in milligram per deciliter] were calculated by using Friedewald equation. The subjects having Coronary Heart Disease [CHD], Diabetes Mellitus [DM], metabolic syndrome, thyroid disease, chronic renal disease and hepatic disease were excluded from the sample. Mean percentage change from baseline in LDL-cholesterol levels after 6 week treatment with the combination therapy was found significantly superior to that with the monotherapy. There is significant [P<0.01] advantage of the combination therapy over the monotherapy for the achievement of LDL-C levels reductions below the clinical cut off value of 100mg/dl. Combining Ezetimibe with statins looks to be advantageous to the statins alone for LDL-C lowering in patients of hypercholesterolemia